Herein we report three married women referred to Dermatology Clinic of Loghman Hakim Hospital, Tehran, Iran in 2017 for evaluation and treatment of genital warts. Two patients were complaining of flat-topped papules on their labia major and the third one was presented with asymptomatic papillary projections on her vestibule and inner aspect of both labia minora. Histological examination revealed the diagnosis of syringoma, lymphangioma circumscriptum (LC) and vestibular papillomatosis respectively. Familiarity with these uncommon conditions which clinically mimic genital warts helps to prevent labeling a patient with sexually transmitted disease before histological confirmation and prevent unnecessary treatment.

Our purpose in this case report is to pay attention to an unusual presentation of HPV infection. A 27-year-old-male patient with the complaint of dysuria, hematuria, and urethral lesion was presented to the clinic. The first diagnosis was papillary urethral cancer based on the pathology report. We considered another expert’ s opinion from a pathologist point of view due to the report of a rare cancer for this young patient. The slides review showed no dysplastic change and confirmed condylomata acuminata. Primary urethral condyloma acuminata is rare and health care professionals should consider a thorough medical history, especially highrisk sexual behaviors of patients. Considering the risk of anogenital cancers, the type of HPV virus should also be determined in the patients.

This study was aimed to obtain polyploid plants of viola (Viola acuminata Ledebour) using the antimitotic agent colchicine. Experiments consisted in using colchicine on ungerminated seeds. The seeds were plunged into colchicine solutions in concentrations of 0. 01, 0. 05, 0. 10 and 0. 20% for 24 and 48 h. Polyploidy levels (diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid) were firstly detected by chromosome counting (karyotype), and then confirmed by anatomical and morphological parameters. The greatest percentage of polyploids was induced with 0. 10% colchicine for 24 h. The chromosome number was 2n = 18 in diploids, 2n = 36 in tetraploid, and 2n = 54 in hexaploid. Differences in some morphological and anatomical parameters were significant between polyploid and control plantlets. The highest number of chloroplasts in guard cells was obtained in plantlets obtained from treated seed with 0. 10% colchicine for 24 h. Exposure times of 48 h did not significantly influence polyploidisation. New ornamental varieties with improved characteristics may be produced by polyploid induction.

Tree rings in high mountain forests represent a valuable natural archive for climate reconstructions and understanding the impact of climate change on forest ecosystems. In this context, the dendroclimatic potential of Alnus acuminata (alder) was evaluated by selecting 25 trees from seven localities in the Mantaro Valley. Computational programs such as Image-Pro Plus, COFECHA, ARSTAN, Sigma Plot, and the IAWA Standard List were utilized. Densitometry, performed with the QTRS-01X equipment using X-ray technology, provided ring width and apparent density diagrams. Seven chronological periods were identified, covering a span of 37.5 years, with the years 1960-1966, 1972-1978, and 2004-2010 showing the greatest growth, and the years 1966-1970, 1980-1986, and 1999-2005 showing the least growth. Furthermore, the alder exhibited particular sensitivity to low winter temperatures in the higher altitude sampling areas. Samples from Colpar 12-A* and Paca 10-A* showed wall thicknesses of 4.39 and 4.60 µm, respectively, attributable to low temperatures. Additionally, a significant negative correlation was observed between minimum temperature and ring width index (r= -0.38, p<0.005) from 1972 to 2008. In terms of precipitation and ring width index, a positive correlation (r= 0.26, p<0.005) was evidenced from 1949 to 2009, positively influencing its development. These findings underscore the dendroclimatic potential of the species, contributing to the understanding of climatic history and the prediction of future conditions in development areas.

The effect of Annona squamosa, Lawsonia inermis and their combination with other herbal molluscicides were studied on different enzyme activity in the nervous tissue of Lymnaea acuminata. Twenty-Four hour in vivo exposure to 40% and 80% of 24 h LC50 of plant derived molluscicides and their combination with other molluscicides such as Cedrus deodara, Azadirachta indica oil, Allium sativum, Polianthes tuberosa bulb and oleoresin of Zingiber officinale and acetogenins caused a significant reduction in the activity of acetylcholinesterase, cytochrome oxidase and Na+/K+ ATPase in the nervous tissue of L. acuminata. Combination of C. deodara with A. squamosa or L. inermis inhibited the acetylcholinesterase activity in the nervous tissue up to 60% and 58.70% of control, respectively. Acetogenin was more effective against Na+/K+ ATPase and cytochrome oxidase. Inhibition of these enzymes even at lower concentrations of plant derived molluscicides present in binary mixture with respect to their single treatment inhibit the enzyme activity nearly up to same level.